Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation in Special Health Care Children—A Review

Abstract

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative deficiency of enamel that often affects the incisors and can impact anywhere from one to four first permanent molars (FPMs). Weerheijm et al. coined the phrase to describe developmental abnormalities that impact the first permanent molars and permanent incisors. These abnormalities can range from clearly defined, separate, white, yellowish, or brown-colored areas of opacity to significant structural deterioration after eruption. MIH mostly affects the second primary molars, leading to the condition known as Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM).The cause of this illness is currently unknown. Nevertheless, research has indicated that a change in the equilibrium of calcium and phosphate or a lack of oxygen supply to ameloblasts results in enamel abnormalities. Several studies have looked into how genes and environmental factors affect the chance of getting MIH. Child born before their due date and children with chronic diseases are more likely to have MIH. There isn't enough information about MIH and HSPM in kids who need extra medical care, and not many studies have been done to add to the world data on the disease. In order to better understand the rates of MIH and HSPM and to help parents and clinicians become more aware of the risks of MIH and HSPM so that they can take the right steps to handle them, this review will give an overview of how common MIH and HSPM are among children with special health care needs.