Management of Oral Health in the End Stage of Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Review

Abstract

 A long-term disorder called chronic renal failure is defined by the slow loss of nephrons and the subsequent deterioration in kidney function. Renal replacement therapy such as peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, or transplantation is required by individuals in the final stages of renal disease (ESRD). Individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or hemodialysis are at risk of developing a variety of comorbidities, including hypertension, anaemia, and increased bleeding risk, susceptibility to infections, drug-related side effects, and oral symptoms related to the disease and treatment. Given their association with infection, inflammation, and malnutrition, oral illnesses emerge as a potentially preventable factor leading to poor health outcomes in people with ESRD. The objective of this article was to examine manifestations related to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and hemodialysis, while outlining dental operative protocols for individuals awaiting kidney transplantation based on the latest literature.