Comprehensive Phytochemical and Antioxidant Analysis of Vitis Vinifera L. Seed and Peel: A Comparative Study of Conventional and Non-Conventional Drying Method
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Abstract
Introduction: Vitis vinifera L., recognized as the grapevine, is indigenous to southern Europe and western Asia. It is beneficial to human health as it exhibits anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, vasorelaxant and immunomodulatory properties.
Objectives: The study aims to find out the comparison of phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of conventionally and non-conventionally dehydrated grape peel powder.
Methods: The peel of the grape was dried by sun-drying, shade-drying, cabinet drying and freeze-drying for seven consecutive days. The dried grape peel was powdered and extracted using aqueous, ethanol (70%) and methanol (90%) solvents. Characterization of the peel sample was evaluated before and after using different drying techniques
Results: Fifty gram of originally dried peel changed into shades of mauveine colour and weight changes occurred between 37g-31g by different modes of dehydration. The result shows the confirmed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids,sterols, anthraquinones, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, proteins and volatile oil. Sundried [SD] (IC50 90.16 M) and freeze-dried [FD] (IC5093.44M) samples show maximum antioxidant activity yield maximum in methanol concentration. No significant difference between the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of different drying methods of grape peel was observed.
Conclusions: It is concluded that this study provides an insight into the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of conventionally and non-conventionally dried grape peel powder and higher activity in sun-dried [SD] and frozen grape [FD] peel powder than shade-dried [SHD] and cabinet-dried [CD] grape peel powder.