Seasonal Variations of Iron levels in the Meenachil river, Kottayam, Kerala, South India.

Abstract

Water with high iron content leads to discoloration of garments and sanitary items and gives a bitter astringent flavour. Issues with taste and smell can result from filamentous organisms that feed on iron compounds. Iron in little quantities is necessary for nourishment, but overdose may cause severe health issues. The Meenachil River, alternatively referred to as Kavanar or Valanjar, is a watercourse coursing through Kerala, India. Renowned for its perilous characteristics, including sudden floods, powerful undercurrents, and the transport of timber and debris from the mountains, it poses significant challenges to navigation. Flowing through the core of Kerala's Kottayam district, this river spans approximately 78 kilometers and originates in the Western Ghats, serving as a vital geographical feature in the southern Indian state.Water samples from 15 locations along the Meenachil River in Kottayam, Kerala, were taken over three seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon, to monitor the level of iron. Many individuals use water from the Meenachil river for drinking and agricultural activities. The greatest iron content of 1056.15 µg/L was recorded at station MS 15 (Illikkal) in the downstream layer during the monsoon season. Station. MS 2 (Adivarum) reported the lowest concentration of iron at 11.63 µg/L during the pre-monsoon season. Iron levels exhibit a seasonal fluctuation at all locations, peaking during the monsoon. Iron levels are often higher at downstream sites than at upstream and middle stream stations. Water quality management is crucial in the research region. It is imperative to formulate proficient management approaches to alleviate iron contamination and uphold the ecological balance of river ecosystems.