Evaluation of the Toxicity of a New Series of ᾳ-Aminophosphonate Derivatives in Non-Target Population (Triticum Durum Desf)

Abstract

Introduction: α-Aminophosphonates play an important role across several fields, including organic synthesis and various potential applications.Objectives: Lacinia at quis risus sed vulputate odio ut enim. Orci porta non pulvinar neque laoreet suspendisse interdum. Consequat mauris nunc congue nisi vitae suscipit. Morbi quis commodo odio aenean.

Methods: Using an immersion ultrasound-assisted method, a new series of ᾳ-aminophosphonate derivatives (BR1, BR2, BR3, BR4, and BR5) was tested for toxicity in a non-target population (Triticum durum Desf). For this, we monitored certain stress biomarkers, namely glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) compared to the reference pesticide (Dursban).

Results: The results obtained show a significant increase in GSH for BR1, BR4 and BR5, an induction of GST activity for all treatments and of catalase activity for high concentrations of BR1, BR2 and BR3 molecules.

Conclusions: Thanks to the addition of the pharmacophore fragment, the five α-aminophosphonate molecules can be used as a green pesticide since they have a non-significant impact on the non-target population (Triticum durum Desf), even the few disturbances observed in wheat will be dissipated over time due to its ability to tolerate these stressful conditions.