Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Fluoride Releasing Pit and Fissure Sealants with Fluoride Releasing Pit and Fissure Sealants Incorporated with Zinc Oxide and Curcumin Nano Particles Respectively: An In-Vitro Study

Abstract

Aim and Objectives: The study aims to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of fluoride-releasing pit and fissure sealants containing Zinc oxide nanoparticles or Curcumin nanoparticles, and compare them with conventional fluoride-releasing pit and fissure sealants

Materials and Methods: 270 disk shaped fluoride pit and fissure sealant samples (FPFS) 4mm in size were incorporated with nano particles. Curcumin nano particles (CUR NPs) were prepared using antisolvent precipitation and Zinc oxide nano particles (ZNO NPs) were readily obtained. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed for nanoparticles and pit and fissure sealant samples. Antimicrobial efficacy of sealants was tested against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidophilus.

Results: SEM Analysis confirmed nanoparticle size in the NPs powders as well as after incorporation into FPFS. Optical density was recorded to evaluate antimicrobial analysis in a microplate reader. Highest optical density of Streptococcus mutans was seen in Group 1 (1% Cur) followed by Group 2 (1% ZnO), Group 3 (0.5% Cur) and Group 4 (0.5% ZnO). Least optical density was seen in Group 6 (negative control). Highest optical density of Lactobacillus acidophilus was seen in Group 4 (0.5% ZnO) followed by Group 2 (1% ZnO), Group 3 (0.5% CUR). Least optical density was seen in Group 6 (negative control).  The overall difference in optical density among six groups was statistically significant.

Conclusion: Antimicrobial analysis done using direct contact test and checking optical dentisty (OD) which showed 0.5% ZnO NPs showed highest OD against Lactobacillus acidophilus and while 1% CUR NPs showed highest OD against Streptococcus mutans when compared to positive control which was FPFS.