Role of Phosphodiaestrase Inhibitors in Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion(BCCAO) Induced Vascular Dementia in Rat

Abstract

Dementia is a devastating disorder that commonly affects people over the age of 65. Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are the most common forms of dementias, a number of studies have implicated cardiovascular risks as important factors in the development of dementia. Loss of cognitive function and vascular risk factor produce pathological changes into the brain. Changes are Infarcts, Ischemia hypoperfusion, Hemorrhagic Brain and Atrophy (Degeneration of cells), Neurofibrillary tangles impairment. Bilateral Common Carotid Artery occlusion (BCCAO) has been considered as a critical cause for the development of cognitive decline and dementia of vascular origin. Hypoperfusion is caused by the inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients into the brain. In our study hypoperfusion reduced oxidative stress, nitric oxide level, Acetylcholine, SOD (Superoxide Dismutase). Phosphodiaestrase-9 inhibitor Receptor has been reported to be beneficial in improving memory deterioration. To get better insight into the problem, a Rat model (Male wistar) of VaD based on permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (BCCAO) leading chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was used.

Aim of this study is to explore the role of capcasene in Bilateral Common Carotid Artery occlusion (BCCAO) induced vascular dementia. In clinical research chlorogenic acid role is of antioxidant and other one shows anti-inflammatory actions. It showed significant cognitive deficits, cholinergic dysfunction (increased acetyl cholinesterase-AChE) activity along with increased brain oxidative stress (brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species), glutathione, as well as superoxide dismutase with an increase in malondialdehyde levels) and TTC (2,3,5 Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining).

Furthermore, treatment of capcasene reduced BCCAO induced learning and memory deficits (Morris water maze-MWM), locomotion (Actophotometer), and provide benefits in BCCAO induced VaD.