Optimizing Helmet Materials: A Comparative Analysis of Safety and Cost-Effectiveness

Abstract

This research focuses on identifying optimal materials for helmet production that not only prioritize safety but are also economically viable for a broad user demographic, particularly for those engaging in traffic activities. Employing finite element analysis as a crucial tool, we conduct simulations and tests on a helmet model using three distinct materials: carbon fiber, glass fiber crystal, and ABS plastic. The primary objective is to utilize ABAQUS to compare the performance of these materials when subjected to collision scenarios involving a human head and a rigid object. The simulation is executed in a dynamic environment (ABAQUS/Explicit), generating collision results to assess the impact and stress distribution across the helmet models made from different materials. Our findings indicate that, at the point of maximum stress, carbon fiber exhibits superior performance, showcasing the least damage to the head. Undoubtedly, carbon fiber emerges as one of the most exceptional materials available today, particularly in terms of its protective capabilities. However, it is noteworthy that ABS plastic demonstrates relative efficacy compared to carbon fiber in our experiments, offering a cost-effective alternative. Despite being considerably more affordable than carbon fiber, ABS plastic still maintains a satisfactory level of performance, meeting safety standards and ensuring user protection. The research highlights ABS plastic as a competitive option in the market, considering its cost-effectiveness in contrast to the superior performance of carbon fiber and glass fiber. This is especially significant in an era where carbon fiber remains a luxury material, making ABS plastic a viable and accessible choice for safety-conscious consumers.