Centella Asiatica in Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Mechanism

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a rapidly growing metabolic disorder that poses a significant challenge to global health. Despite the availability of various synthetic antidiabetic drugs, their long-term use is often associated with side effects and limitations, creating a need for safer and more effective alternatives. In recent years, medicinal plants have gained considerable attention due to their therapeutic potential and minimal adverse effects. Among these, Centella asiatica, commonly known as Gotu kola, has emerged as a promising herbal candidate for diabetes management.

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the antidiabetic potential of Centella asiatica based on existing literature. The plant is rich in bioactive compounds such as asiaticoside, madecassoside, and asiatic acid, along with flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which contribute to its pharmacological activities. Several studies have reported that Centella asiatica exhibits significant antihyperglycemic effects through multiple mechanisms, including reduction of blood glucose levels, enhancement of insulin secretion, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, and protection of pancreatic β-cells.

Additionally, the plant has been traditionally used in various medicinal systems for its wound healing, neuroprotective, and rejuvenating properties, further supporting its therapeutic relevance. However, while preclinical studies have shown encouraging results, clinical evidence remains limited and requires further investigation. Overall, Centella asiatica represents a promising natural approach for diabetes management, with potential for future development into an effective and safe therapeutic agent.