"A Survey on Interprofessional Collaboration Between Dentists and Physiotherapists in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD)"

Abstract

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass a wide range of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscles of mastications, and associated structures. Given the multifactorial etiology of TMDs, effective management often requires an interprofessional approach involving dentists and physiotherapists. However, collaboration between these professionals remains limited due to lack of awareness and established referral pathways.

Aim: To assess the current level of interprofessional collaboration between dentists and physiotherapists in the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and to identify barriers influencing effective cooperation.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted using a structured Google Form distributed among dental practitioners across various specialties. The questionnaire included 15 items covering demographic information, evaluation practices, treatment methods, referral patterns, and collaboration with physiotherapists. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and represented through pie and bar charts.

Results: A total number of 82 respondents participated in this study, with 81.7% holding a bachelor’s degree and 92.7% currently in practice. The majority (59.2%) were general dentists. Commonly reported TMD issues included trauma from occlusion (48.7%), parafunctional habits (40.8%), and muscle tightness (40.8%). About 77.6% of respondents referred patients to other practitioners, primarily oral surgeons (66.1%) and physiotherapists (62.7%). Neck pain (57.6%) and masticatory muscle tenderness (55.9%) were key reasons for physiotherapy referrals. The main barrier to collaboration was lack of awareness about physiotherapy’s role in TMD management (41.2%).

Conclusion:The findings highlight a positive trend toward interprofessional collaboration between dentists and physiotherapists in TMD management. However, gaps persist due to limited awareness, absence of clear referral protocols, and inadequate interdisciplinary training. Strengthening communication and structured referral systems can enhance comprehensive patient care and treatment outcomes.