Preventive Perspectives on Gut Microbiome Derangements (Gut Dysbiosis): Insights from Theraiyar Pini Anuga Vithi- A Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Siddha medicine, an ancient system emphasizing prevention over cure, aligns holistic practices with modern gut microbiome science. Theraiyar Pini Anuga Vithi (PAV), a preventive Siddha framework, advocates for dietary and therapeutic measures to maintain equilibrium in bodily systems. This review explores the intersection of PAV and gut microbiome modulation for disease prevention.

Methods: Traditional Siddha texts, including Theraiyar’s works, were reviewed alongside modern microbiome research. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies linking Siddha practices and microbiota.

Results: Viresanam  balances Thirithodam and expels toxins (Aamam), reducing gut dysbiosis. Studies report improved microbiota diversity, metabolic benefits, and enhanced lipid and glucose metabolism in Viresanam therapy. Oil bathing increases beneficial gut bacteria and reduces oxidative stress via the gut-skin axis. Probiotics like Lactobacillus present in curd and milk enhance immunity, combat gastrointestinal pathogens, and improve gut diversity. High resistant starch in raw bananas promotes Lactobacillus growth, inhibiting harmful bacteria like E. coli.

Conclusions: Siddha principles of balance in bodily systems complement microbiome science in promoting health and preventing disease. Practices like purgation, oil bathing, and consuming probiotics and prebiotics diets align with modern strategies for maintaining microbiota diversity.