MicroRNA-144 in COPD: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Relevance

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disorder characterised by persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway remodelling. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and among them, microRNA-144 (miR-144) has emerged as a significant contributor to COPD pathogenesis. However, a comprehensive understanding of its mechanistic roles and clinical applicability in COPD remains limited.

Objectives: To critically evaluate and synthesise current evidence on the molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance, and therapeutic potential of miR-144 in COPD.

Methods: A narrative review of original research studies involving COPD patients and experimental models was conducted. Studies analysing miR-144 expression in serum, plasma, sputum, and lung tissue were included

Results: miR-144 negatively regulates NRF2-dependent antioxidant signaling, thereby impairing cellular defense against oxidative stress. It further contributes to airway remodeling through epithelial–mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix alterations. Aberrant miR-144 expression is associated with increased disease severity, airflow limitation, and exacerbation risk, supporting its role as a potential non-invasive biomarker.

Conclusions: miR-144 plays a multifaceted role in COPD pathophysiology and represents a promising candidate for integration into diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Further large-scale, well-designed studies are required to validate its clinical utility and advance miRNA-based precision approaches in COPD management.