Types of Maize Pests in the Conditions of the South Aral Sea and Effectiveness of the Biological Method in Controlling Them

Abstract

Maize is liked and eaten by children and adults. Its main native country is South America. It is an annual plant and there are 26 elements from the periodical table of Mendeleev in its structure. According to the specialists' opinions maize has the peculiarity of obtruding cholesterol from the organism. Grain of the maize consists of B, P, C and K vitamins (which improves the activeness of heart), phosphorus and kaluim.

Oil, which is taken from maize fruit, is used in decreasing the amount of cholesterol in blood, treating arteriosclerosis illness and preventing from it. Also, it is used in improving food digestion in organism, illnesses sugar diabetes, nephrite, kidney-stone and cholecystitis, as an remedy of moving gall and urine.

Not only the grain of maize but also fringe has some medicinal peculiarities. Usually, when maize is ripe its fringes are gathered and dried under shadow. It keeps essential oil, clue like oily things, C and K medicinal elements, organic acid and other micro elements in its structure in a large amount. Boiled fringes are used in nations medicine as an remedy of moving gall, controlling food digestion. When fringes are drunk as a tea, it has a peculiarity of  riving stones in kidney (Atabaeva, Umarov, 2004; Azon.uz, 2019).

Not only flour is taken from maize, but also it is used as fodder to farm animals and raw material for reproducing industry. It is one of the most important food and the most necessary protein. The oil of plant is the fastest digestible in human organism, it’s the best peculiarity is that it does not collect cholesterol in human organism.

One of the most actual problems of today is producing maize and receiving high yield and decreasing the damage of maize pests in order to satisfy with the food requirement of the region. These days, in Karakalpakstan there can be met different types of pests which damage maize fields. Therefore, in order to increase maize productivity a special attention should be paid to protect them from pests.

Maize is sown on large fields of Uzbekistan as a fodder and food crop. Today the only way of receiving high yield is indicating effective periods and creating effective scientifically based methods against them in using biological method to control pests. Nowadays, as a result of not carrying out the system of controlling maize pests, large part of yield (50-70) is lost (Xojaev, 2019).