Obesity: A multifactorial disease- A review

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease. It is a major public health burden with a rising prevalence worldwide. This condition is linked to a variety of genetic, environmental and behavioural factors. Obesity can lead to leptin resistance, insulin resistance and oxidative stress. These can act as potent biomarkers ofobesity,along with other inflammatory biomarkers and signs of hormone dysregulation. Epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs can contribute to the development of obesity. A relation exists between obesity and alterations in gut microbiota composition. Additionally, gut microbiota is also strongly linked to the development of obesity.

Conclusion:Obesity management stresses upon appropriate diet and lifestyle changes.Dietary changes, such as the inclusion of fibre, precision nutrition  and probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics have shown beneficial effects on health. Multidimensional preventiontechniques need to be followed to control obesity and its various consequences.