Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Peel Extract and Formulation of Herbal Shampoo

Abstract

Introduction: Fungal infections of the scalp and skin are increasing worldwide, and resistance to synthetic antifungal agents has become a major chemical health concern. Natural plant-based alternatives are being explored for safer therapeutic options.
Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Punica granatum peel extract and to formulate and evaluate a herbal shampoo incorporating the extract.
Methods: Pomegranate peels were shade dried, powdered, and extracted using 70% hydroalcoholic solvent by maceration. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed. Antifungal activity was evaluated against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium solani using the agar well diffusion method with Amphotericin B as standard. A herbal shampoo was formulated and evaluated for physicochemical parameters including pH, viscosity, foam stability, wetting time, surface tension, and stability.
Results: The hydroalcoholic extract showed the highest extractive value (12% w/w). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, glycosides, and terpenoids. The extract demonstrated concentration-dependent antifungal activity, with maximum inhibition observed against Candida albicans (17.3 ± 0.28 mm at 500 µg/mL). The formulated shampoo showed acceptable pH (6.1 ± 0.2), viscosity (3200 cP), foam stability, and good stability profile.
Conclusions: Punica granatum peel extract possesses significant antifungal activity and can be effectively incorporated into herbal shampoo formulations, offering a safe, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic antifungal products.