Medical Health Problems Influencing Oral Health in Children and Adolescents – A Scoping Review on Existing Evidence and its Clinical Significance

Abstract

Background: Oral health is intricately linked with a wide range of systemic health conditions including cardiovascular diseases, dermatological issues, diabetes, asthma, respiratory disorders, and bone-related diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between oral health and systemic health in children and adolescents, with the focus on clinical relevance and identifying directions for future research.

Methodology: This study was registered with PROSPERO prior to its commencement. A comprehensive review was conducted including both observational and experimental studies. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and grey literature were searched using predefined search terms. Two independent reviewers extracted data and documented study selection with reasons for inclusion and exclusion. Data were systematically compiled and assessed for relevance and methodological quality.

Results: From an initial pool of 367 studies, 31 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria. 4 studies assessed the Helicobacter pylori and oral health, 5 on bone disease and oral health, 3 on juvenile idiopathic arthritis and oral health, 10 on asthma and oral health, 6 studies on cardiovascular disease and oral health, and 3 studies on diabetes mellitus and oral health. Collectively, the results favour the implementation of interdisciplinary care models to ensure timely diagnosis, prevention, and management of oral and systemic complications.

Conclusion: This study highlights that many systemic diseases share common lifestyle related risk factors with oral diseases and reinforces the need for integrated health strategies. Regular awareness campaigns and lifestyle modifications are essential for the prevention of both oral and systemic health issues.