An Integrative Model for Ayurveda-Based Drug Discovery and Development: Linking Traditional Knowledge with Molecular Validation

Abstract

Drug discovery and development (DDD) represent a complex and multidisciplinary process involving the identification, optimization and clinical validation of bioactive compounds for safe and effective therapeutic use. Ayurveda, with its millennia-old pharmacopeia and holistic framework, provides a unique foundation for modern drug discovery through its systematic classification of Dravyas (substances), Gunas (properties), Karmas (actions), and Prayoga (therapeutic application).

This conceptual research article explores an integrative framework that maps classical Ayurvedic principles of Naveen Dravya Nirmana (novel formulation development) which is parallel to addition or deletion of dravyas in formulation described in Sharangadhara Samhita1 with contemporary stages of drug discovery -Target identification, Target validation, lead Identification, Lead optimization, preclinical and clinical evaluation, and regulatory validation.

Drawing from Samhitas, Nighantus, and Rasashastra treatises, the study establishes theoretical correlations between Dosha–Dhatu–Srotas interactions and modern molecular targets like genes, receptors and enzymes. Modern analytical and computational tools such as network pharmacology, molecular docking, and omics technologies are integrated within this framework.

The model emphasizes the translational potential of Ayurveda-based drug discovery through reverse pharmacology - beginning with empirical clinical evidence and moving toward experimental validation. Finally, the paper underscores the necessity of standardization, safety profiling, intellectual property rights, and global regulatory compliance to promote evidence-based Ayurvedic drug development.