Infective Endocarditis - Associated Glomerulonephritis in an Adolescent with No Predisposing Cardiac Risk Factors: A Diagnostic Conundrum

Abstract

Infective endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis (IEAGN) is significant due to its potential for rapid progression to acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Delayed intervention may result in irreversible renal damage and an increased risk of systemic embolic events, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and management. While the majority of cases occur in individuals with known predisposing conditions such as congenital heart disease, intravenous drug use, or the presence of indwelling medical devices, there are rare instances where IEAGN can develop in individuals with previously normal cardiac anatomy.

We report the case of an adolescent female who initially presented with clinical features suggestive of acute glomerulonephritis. A systematic evaluation subsequently revealed underlying infective endocarditis.