Impact of High Charcoalization Temperature on Textural and Physiochemical Properties of Orange Peel Derived Biochars

Abstract

This study delved into the impact of high charcoalization temperature on textural and physiochemical properties of biochars extracted from Orange Peel (OP) and Orange Peel impregnated with ZnCl₂ (OP-ZnCl₂). The formation of biochars was occurred at three charcoalization temperatures of 600, 800, and 1000 ^o C. As charcoalization temperature increased, pH of biochars elevated from mildly basic to exceedingly basic.  The surface area of the biochar extracted from Orange peel expanded from 0.28 to 419.94 m²g^-1 and 0.95 to 673.47 m²g^-1 for biochar extracted from Orange peel modified with ZnCl₂ as charcoalization temperature increased. Biochar extracted from modified orange peel by ZnCl₂ at higher charcoalization temperatures had observable pores of varying dimension and configuration. There were superimposed D_band and G_band in Raman spectra for all the biochars. XPS investigation showed as charcoalization temperature increased, a noticeable deduction in the percentage of oxygen occurred. High charcoalization temperatures can amplify the adequate efficiency of a biochar extracted from Orange Peel modified with ZnCl₂ as an adsorbent.