Influence of Physiotherapy in Patients with Cerebral Tumours: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: Cerebral tumours often result in significant motor, sensory, cognitive, and functional impairments due to tumour pathology and treatment-related effects. Physiotherapy is increasingly recognized as an essential component of neuro-oncology care; however, evidence specific to cerebral tumour populations remains fragmented.

Objective: To map and synthesize the existing literature on the influence of physiotherapy interventions on functional outcomes, quality of life, and symptom management in patients with cerebral tumours.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies published up to 2025. Eligible studies included adults or children with primary or metastatic brain tumours receiving physiotherapy as part of rehabilitation. Study designs of all types were considered.

Results: Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, retrospective analyses, systematic reviews, and case reports. Physiotherapy interventions included exercise-based programs, balance and gait training, neurodevelopmental techniques, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Consistent improvements were reported in mobility, balance, functional independence, fatigue, and participation. Evidence quality varied, with limited high-quality randomized trials.

Conclusion: Physiotherapy appears to have a positive influence on functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with cerebral tumours. Despite promising findings, further well-designed trials are required to establish standardized protocols and strengthen clinical recommendations in neuro-oncology rehabilitation.