Antimicrobial And Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements Containing Different Antimicrobial Agents: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial and mechanical properties of Ethanolic extract of Propolis and Aloe Vera extract to Glass Ionomer cement.

Materials and Methods: Cement was divided into seven groups: one with original Composition, three with 10%, 20%, and 30% EEP  and  three with 10% , 20%  and 30%  Aloe Vera extract added to the liquid and then manipulated. Each group in antimicrobial assay had 20 specimens. One hundred and forty premolars banded with conventional GIC and GIC with different dilutions of Ethanol Extract of Propolis (EEP) and Aloe Vera extract were used for the mechanical assay with each group containing 20 teeth. Krushkal Wallis test was used to assess Shear peel Bond Strength (SPBS) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values and ascertain whether the samples have same group source as an origin or not by matching the medians of the groups and pairwise comparison was done using Mann Whitney U test to assess entities in pairs to judge which pair has greater quantitative property. Level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.

Results: GIC with 30% EEP was the most effective in inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth as compared to all the groups. It showed a median of 800 colony forming units as compared to conventional GIC which showed a staggering median of 74000 colony forming units. No significant difference was seen in terms of Shear peel bond Strength (SPBS) , (P > .05). The mean for maximum load necessary to deband was recorded for conventional GIC was found to be 1.4615 megapascals and that of GIC containing 30% ethanolic extract of propolis (which had the least MIC value and colony count, thus exhibiting highest antibacterial property) was 1.654 megapascals.

Conclusions: Addition of EEP and Aloe Vera extract increased antibacterial properties without negatively modifying the mechanical properties of conventional GIC.