Optimizing Palatal Scar Healing Post Cleft Palate Repair- A Comprehensive Literature Review

Abstract

Cleft palate is a congenital condition requiring surgical intervention to restore oral function, speech, and aesthetics. Despite advances in surgical techniques, post-surgical scarring remains a major challenge, often leading to speech impairment, restricted maxillofacial growth, and velopharyngeal dysfunction. Excessive fibrosis and contracture can compromise palatal mobility, affecting long-term outcomes. To mitigate these effects, various scar modulation strategies have been explored. Surgical refinements like Z-plasty, Furlow palatoplasty, and tension-free closures improve tissue flexibility, while pharmacological agents such as topical silicone, corticosteroids, and botulinum toxin help control fibroblast activity and prevent hypertrophic scarring. Additionally, laser therapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), stem cell applications, and mechanical therapies offer promising approaches to enhance healing and scar remodeling. Recent advances in molecular biology and regenerative medicine have deepened the understanding of scar pathophysiology, paving the way for biologically driven interventions. Early rehabilitation protocols and individualized treatment planning are critical in optimizing both aesthetic and functional recovery. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate current and emerging strategies for minimizing palatal scarring, highlighting future directions for improving post-surgical outcomes in cleft palate repair.