Clinico-Pathological Study of Benign Breast Disease with Special Reference to Fibroadenoma of the Breast

Abstract

Background: Benign breast disease (BBD) is one of the most common conditions affecting women, with fibroadenoma being the most frequent lesion, particularly in young females. Despite its benign nature, fibroadenoma often poses diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. This study evaluates the clinical spectrum of benign breast diseases, with special reference to fibroadenoma, including age distribution, presentation, diagnostic accuracy of FNAC, and clinico-histopathological correlation.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted from April 2004 to April 2006 on 50 patients aged 16–40 years presenting with benign breast disease at the Department of General Surgery, Mysore Medical College, K.R. Hospital. Detailed clinical history, examination, and investigations including FNAC were performed. Patients undergoing surgery were subjected to histopathological examination. Clinical, cytological, and histological correlations were analyzed.

Results: Of 50 cases, fibroadenoma was the most common lesion (60%), followed by fibroadenosis (16%). The majority of patients were between 11–30 years of age. The most frequent presentation was a palpable breast lump (82%), with the upper outer quadrant being the most common site. FNAC had a diagnostic sensitivity of 95%. Clinico-histological correlation showed 60% sensitivity, while cyto-histological correlation showed 85% sensitivity.

Conclusion: Benign breast diseases are frequent among young women, with fibroadenoma being the predominant lesion. FNAC is highly reliable for diagnosis, and conservative management can be offered in select cases. Accurate diagnosis and tailored management prevent unnecessary surgical interventions while ensuring patient safety.