The Role of Serum Magnesium for Early Detection of Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Magnesium is an essential mineral have insulin sensitivity and antioxidant properties. The decreased levels of magnesium cause type 2 diabetes mellitus and related kidney problems

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of magnesium for early prediction of kidney damage in different stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy and controls.

Methods: Thirty (30) type 2 diabetes mellitus with normo, 30 micro, 30 macro albuminuria patients and 30 control subjects were recruited in this study. The basic parameters FBS, Lipid profile, HbA1c, urea, creatinine, urinary albumin creatinine, eGFR levels were measured by commercially available kits for all the study subjects. Additionally, the serum magnesium, levels also measured by calmagite indicator method in all the study subjects.

Results: The serum magnesium levels significantly and drastically decreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus with normo, micro and macro albuminuria when compared to controls. The serum magnesium significant negatively correlated with blood sugars, glycated haemoglobin, urinary albumin creatinine ratio and positively correlated with eGFR. The ROC curve analysis shown the magnesium has highest sensitivity and specificity than urinary albumin creatinine ratio and eGFR.

Conclusions: The serum magnesium levels are reversibly decreased in all the groups of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. We suggest determining serum magnesium might be used as an early detectible and prognostic marker for nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.