Urinary Nephrin and Serum Magnesium for Early Detection of Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Nephropathy is an clinical condition in patients with T2DM. To early detection and progression of nephropathy is necessary to reduce burden for T2DM patients.

Objectives: The role of serum magnesium, and urinary nephrin, for early detection of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study which compared biochemical, clinical parameters in 40 type 2 diabetes mellitus with normo albuminuria, 40 type 2 diabetes mellitus with micro albuminuria, 40 type 2 diabetes mellitus with macro albuminuria and 40 age, gender and BMI matched healthy controls. Blood sugars, lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin, magnesium, eGFR, urinary ACR and urinary nephrin were analysed.

 Results: There were significant differences in serum magnesium, urinary nephrin, urinary ACR, and eGFR among different stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients when compared to controls. Additionally, the serum magnesium negatively correlated with BMI, blood sugars, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, urinary ACR and positively correlated with eGFR and HDL (P=0.001**). Additionally, the urinary nephrin positively correlated with BMI, blood sugars, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, urinary ACR and negatively correlated with eGFR, serum magnesium and HDL (P=0.001**). Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed the serum magnesium and urinary nephrin shown very high significant at area under the curve.

Conclusions: Hypomagnesemia precede beneficial for type 2 diabetes mellitus and urinary nephrin can serve as early predictive and prognostic indices for type 2 diabetic nephropathy.