Xanthogranulomatous Prostatitis Masquerading as Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

Abstract

The Inflammatory pathologies of the prostate are rare benign conditions that may present a picture similar to prostatic adenocarcinoma.  Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis (XGP) is a very rare subvariant of granulomatous inflammations of the prostate which mimics prostatic adenocarcinoma clinically, radiologically as well as biochemically. We report a case of a 74yr male who presented to the emergency with acute urinary retention (AUR). Diagnostic evaluation including imaging and Serum Prostate specific antigen (PSA) raised suspicion for prostatic adenocarcinoma. However, histopathology revealed extensive infiltration with foamy macrophages, multinucleate giant cells and chronic inflammatory cells, consistent with the diagnosis of XGP. This case underscores the importance of considering XGP in the differential diagnosis of prostatic masses to avoid unnecessary invasive treatments and highlights the role of histopathology in establishing a definitive diagnosis. The presentation of XGP in AUR has not been reported before in literature.