Evaluation of Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Indian Diabetes Risk Score among Urban Adult Population, Hyderabad

Abstract

Introduction: : Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.  Hyperglycaemia, or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels. In India, there are estimated 77 million people above the age of 18 years suffering from diabetes (type 2) and nearly 25 million are pre-diabetics (at a higher risk of developing diabetes in near future). More than 50% of people are unaware of their diabetic status which leads to health complications if not detected and treated early

Objectives: 1. To assess the risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus through IDRS in adults aged 18 and above

1. To study association of risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with various factors

3.To assess the sensitivity and specificity of IDRS method as a screening tool in the community

Methods: A community based, cross sectional study was conducted among 400 adult population in urban field practice area of Malla Reddy Medical College for Women. A pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire and IDRS tools were used to assess the risk of diabetes among study population after obtaining the consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results: Among study population, 15 % (low risk), 42% (medium risk) and 43% (high risk) according to IDRS. The factors waist circumference, physical activity, age and family history were associated and found statistically significant

Conclusions: Lifestyle modification is an effective tool for the primary prevention of diabetes in Asian Indians. The primary prevention of diabetes is urgently needed in India to curb the rising burden of diabetes.