Correlation of Ultrasonography Findings and CA-125 Level with Histopathological Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumor
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Abstract
Background: Ovarian tumors encompass a wide spectrum of benign and malignant conditions. Malignant ovarian tumors rank as the second most common gynecologic malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death among women. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic findings and serum CA-125 levels in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian tumors and to correlate these parameters with histopathological diagnosis.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, from January to December 2017. A total of 62 patients clinically diagnosed with ovarian tumors were enrolled through purposive sampling. Preoperative assessments included detailed history, clinical examination, ultrasonography, and serum CA-125 testing. Final diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, applying appropriate statistical tests.
Results: The mean age was 35.85 ± 11.20 years in the benign group and 49.14 ± 16.59 years in the malignant group (p < 0.05). Abdominal distention and significant weight loss were more frequent in malignant cases (p < 0.05). Ultrasonography demonstrated 57.42% sensitivity and 89.50% specificity, while CA-125 showed 71.81% sensitivity and 87.32% specificity. Combined evaluation of both parameters improved diagnostic accuracy to 90.32%, with 78.57% sensitivity, 93.75% specificity, 78.57% positive predictive value, and 93.75% negative predictive value.
Conclusion: Preoperative assessment using both ultrasonography and serum CA-125 significantly enhances the diagnostic accuracy for differentiating benign and malignant ovarian tumors.