Gingival Crevicular Fluid-A Medium for Diagnosis-An Overview

Abstract

Introduction: A change in the periodontal microbiota, which leads to irreparable loss of the periodontal tissues, characterizes periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease.A higher incidence of tooth loss is associated with the development of intrabony osseous abnormalities as periodontal disease worsens. (Koidou et al.2022) .By highlighting a number of proinflammatory components that is believed to be found in gingival sulcular fluid, microbial action in periodontal diseases stimulates the host's local and systemic immune responses.(Sereti et al,2020).

Objectives: Given that gingival crevicular fluid serves as a reservoir of indicators and biomarkers of   connective tissue as well as bone deterioration, it has been proposed as a viable diagnostic and prognostic marker for a noninvasive investigation of periodontal disorders.In order to assess the existence and severity of disease of periodontal tissues, GCF might be thought of as a potential prognostic tool.( Gupta et al.2021)

Results: A healthy periodontium produces minimum quantities of gingival crevicular fluid, which is similar to blood plasma in composition.The elements of gingival crevicular fluid also come from gingival tissues, as well as from bacteria and cells that respond to their environment, known as host reaction cells, that are found within the gingival crevicular crevice and the adjacent periodontal structures.Collecting and evaluating the Sulcular Fluid are hence the noninstrusive techniques used to evaluate the host's response to periodontal disease.(Kasuma & Oinzel.2018).

Conclusions:A biomarker is a substantial material that exhibits a biological state and is used as a goal measure to evaluate the current and potential future course of a disease.Thus severe infection of tissues surrounding periodontium can’t be projected by a sole biomarker. In order to predict how a disease may manifest, combinations of biomarkers are used.(Kharkar VV et al,2022)