Acne and Emerging Nanotechnological Therapies: A Comprehensive Overview
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Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, commonly affecting adolescents and young adults. Its pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, Cutibacterium acnes colonization, and immune-mediated inflammation. Conventional therapeutic approaches such as topical retinoids, antibiotics, and hormonal therapies, though effective, are often associated with adverse effects, antibiotic resistance, and poor patient compliance. To overcome these limitations, nanotechnology has emerged as a revolutionary platform offering targeted, controlled, and sustained drug delivery with improved therapeutic outcomes. This review comprehensively explores the underlying pathophysiology of acne and highlights recent advancements in nanotechnological interventions, including lipid-based nanoparticles, liposomes, etc. These nanocarriers exhibit enhanced skin permeation, stability, and bioavailability while minimizing systemic exposure and irritation. In addition, the review discusses the current challenges, regulatory perspectives, and future potential of nanotechnology-driven therapeutics in dermatology. This integrated overview aims to provide a deeper insight into acne management and the translational promise of nanomedicine.