Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Urinary Tract Infection among Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

BACKGROUND: UTI is a condition in which one or more than one part of the urinary system becomes infected. UTI is the most common of the bacterial infections. It is mainly caused by gram negative bacteria like E. Coli, Klebsiella and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The risk factors of UTI includes diabetes, menopause, use of SGLT-2 inhibitors, renal stone, etc. and the recurrence of UTI can be controlled by assessing these risk factors. Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycaemia caused by absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Diabetic patients have a higher incidence of UTI than non-diabetic patients, with a higher severity UTI which can be a cause of complications ranging from dysuria to organ damage and sometimes even can cause complicated UTI. The severity of UTI among patients was also compared using RUTISS, which helps in detecting the quality of life.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of UTI in diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus patients. The Objectives is to compare the prevalence of UTI, to describe the prescription pattern for UTI, to assess the risk factors of UTI, to detect the effect of hypoglycaemia agents in UTI, to evaluate the quality of life in UTI patients and to assess the effect of UTI in DM and non-DM patients.

METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in general medicine, gynaecology, paediatrics, surgery and MOS departments of a 450 bedded tertiary care hospital and the study was carried out for a period of 6 months. 110 patients were included in the study. We took around 1300 of total patient for the calculation of prevalence of UTI among them. The data were collected using the data entry form, informed consent form and survey form (RUTISS). The documented data were analysed by graphical and statistical methods.

RESULT:  A total of 110 patients with UTI were included in the study. The study patients were comprised of 40 males and 70 females. The prevalence of UTI were analysed among diabetic and non-diabetic patients and the diabetic patients shown more prevalent among them. The quality of life was also assessed using RUTISS and it showed that the severity of UTI were negatively associated with diabetes mellitus. The study also shows that the diabetes is the main risk factor for UTI and the hypoglycemic agent SGLT-2 Inhibitors play an important role in developing it. Piperacillin/tazobactam and cefperazone/sulbactam are the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in the study.

CONCLUSION: The study provides a baseline data on the UTI among diabetic and non-diabetic patients. UTI has a higher prevalence in patients with DM. With increasing incidence of DM and the complications such as UTI; our health care system requires appropriate screening and treatment options. Diabetes is seen to be the main risk factors in UTI. So, the recurrence of UTI was higher among diabetic patients.