Subclinical Peripheral Vascular Disease in Hypothyroidism: Therapeutic Impact of Thyroxine Replacement

Abstract

Background: Hypothyroidism is increasingly linked to cardiovascular risk, yet its role in subclinical peripheral vascular disease (PVD) remains underrecognized. This study explores the prevalence of subclinical PVD among hypothyroid patients and the vascular impact of thyroxine therapy.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, hypothyroid patients without overt cardiovascular disease were enrolled. The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) was used to screen for subclinical PVD at baseline and after 6 months of levothyroxine therapy. Changes in thyroid function, lipid profile, and ABI were analyzed.

Results: A significant proportion of hypothyroid patients exhibited subclinical PVD (ABI <0.9). Following 6 months of thyroxine therapy, there was a marked improvement in ABI scores, TSH levels, and lipid profiles, indicating vascular recovery and improved thyroid function.

Conclusion: Subclinical PVD is prevalent in hypothyroidism and may be reversible with thyroxine therapy. Routine ABI screening and early thyroid hormone replacement may prevent cardiovascular complications in this high-risk population.