To Study the Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Third Trimester and Impact on Fetal and Maternal Outcome
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Abstract
Aim : To estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in third trimester and its association with feto-maternal outcome.
Material and Methods : This study was carried out on 200 pregnant women in their third trimester who were admitted for delivery to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at NIMS Medical College and Hospital, JAIPUR. Participants were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Comprehensive information was collected, including demographic details, medical and dietary history, menstrual and obstetric background, as well as any antenatal complications. Delivery-related data such as mode of delivery, birth weight, and APGAR scores were documented using a standardized proforma. Maternal blood samples were collected to assess serum vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D levels below 20 ng/ml, while levels between 20–30 ng/ml were considered indicative of insufficiency.
Results : A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (90%) was observed among the pregnant women included in the study. There was no statistically significant association between vitamin D status and socio-demographic variables. However, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with an increased incidence of maternal complications (p = 0.0109) and a higher rate of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions (p = 0.0384) compared to the non-deficient group.
Conclusion : Although this study found an association between hypovitaminosis D and higher rates of maternal complications, cesarean deliveries, and NICU admissions, it did not establish a causal link due to its observational design. Nevertheless, given that vitamin D supplementation is both affordable and accessible, routine screening and early intervention particularly during adolescence, the preconception period, or the first trimester should be considered to help reduce the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.