Outcomes of CT Guided Cryoablation of Osteoid Osteoma Management in Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Osteoid osteoma (OO), the third most common benign bone tumor, usually occurs in the cortex of long bones. Nocturnal pain that eases with salicylates or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is the typical clinical presentation. Initial treatment includes salicylates and NSAID because the tumor often regresses spontaneously over 2-6 years. Surgical treatment is indicated in case of unresponsive pain to medical therapy, no tolerance of prolonged NSAID therapy due to side effects, and no willingness to activity limitations. Nowadays, minimally invasive techniques have replaced open surgery and are considered the gold standard of surgical treatment.

Objectives: the main objective of this study was to identify the outcomes of cryoablation in management of osteoid osteoma.

Methodology: The research study utilized a retrospective cohort design to assess cryoablation outcomes in osteoid osteoma management, analyzing existing medical records to evaluate treatment efficacy and safety. Data of osteoid osteoma patients who were underwent cryoablation between 2021and 2023,  were collected from King Abdullah Medical City, ensuring patient confidentiality and ethical approval. Statistical analysis was employed to draw conclusions.

Results: the total sample size were 12 participants with 25% females and 75% males. As regard participants findings post cryoablation, the technical success was achieved in all cases, with a 100% success rate, indicating the efficacy of the procedure in addressing the targeted pathology. In terms of clinical success, the data revealed varying outcomes in pain management post-cryoablation, with different timelines for pain improvement or resolution reported among the participants. Additionally, the absence of complications and a low rate of symptom recurrence highlight the safety and effectiveness of cryoablation as a treatment modality for osteoid osteoma. Moreover, symptoms recurrence after cryoablation among osteoid osteoma patients had statistically insignificant relation to gender, age, symptoms duration and the size of the nidus.

Conclusion: the study on CT guided cryoablation as a treatment modality for osteoid osteoma in Saudi Arabia demonstrated promising results. With a 100% technical success rate and varying outcomes in pain management post-cryoablation, the procedure proved to be effective in addressing the targeted pathology. The low rate of complications and symptom recurrence, along with statistically insignificant relations to gender, age, symptoms duration, and nidus size, highlight the safety and efficacy of cryoablation. These findings align with previous studies that have shown high success rates and patient satisfaction with cryoablation, making it a valuable minimally invasive option for managing osteoid osteoma.