Assessment of Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (Copd) And Its Correlation with Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Diseases (Gold Criteria) Among Patients Attending in A Tertiary Care Hospital Chennai

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and types of 2D echocardiographic (ECHO) abnormalities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to examine the correlation between these abnormalities and disease severity based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria.

Methods: A three-year cross-sectional study was conducted at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, involving 67 COPD patients aged 18 and above, without prior cardiac conditions. Data collection included echocardiography, spirometry, and chest X-rays. Parameters such as demographic details, smoking status, lung function (FEV1), Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) scores, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores, disease severity (GOLD criteria), and comorbidities were recorded. Statistical analysis used Pearson's correlation and chi-square tests, conducted via SPSS version 24.

Results: The mean age was 52.46 years, with 80.9% male participants. Predominant occupations included farmers (14.7%), bus conductors (10.3%), and drivers (10.3%). Smoking habits revealed 36.8% smokers and 63.2% non-smokers. Lung function assessment showed 76.5% with moderate obstruction (50% ≤ FEV1 < 80%). GOLD staging classified 72.1% as moderate COPD, while 14.7% were severe. Comorbidities included diabetes (17.6%) and cardiovascular disease (11.8%). Significant correlations were found between smoking status, comorbid conditions, and COPD severity (p=0.000). Differences in ERV, RV, and FVC among severity groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: A significant relationship exists between 2D ECHO abnormalities and COPD severity. The findings highlight the need for thorough cardiovascular assessments in COPD patients, emphasizing the importance of tailored interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risks and improve clinical outcomes.