Tirzepatide, A New Era of Dual-Targeted Treatment for Diabetes and Obesity: A Narrative Review
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Abstract
This review presents an in-depth exploration of the evolving landscape in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), emphasizing the substantial impact of obesity on its prevalence. The spotlight is on "tirzepatide" (LY3298176), a novel dual agonist targeting Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. Amid rising obesity-related insulin resistance, this paper underscores the imperative of weight loss in T2DM management as per recent consensus guidelines. Tirzepatide, a synthetic 39-amino acid peptide, exhibits unique dual receptor agonism, fostering a potential synergy in enhancing insulin responsiveness and glucagonostatic activity. Its mechanism of action, chemistry, administration, and pharmacodynamic effects are meticulously elucidated. The review is punctuated with insights from preclinical and clinical studies, particularly the influential SURPASS and SURMOUNT programs, validating tirzepatide's utility in addressing T2DM and obesity. The duality of tirzepatide's receptor agonism holds promise in the intricate realm of T2DM and obesity management. The seamless interplay between scientific advancements and clinical applications presents opportunities for optimizing patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes.