Atopic Dermatitis and Asthma

Abstract

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma are chronic inflammatory diseases with significant overlap in pathophysiology, often coexisting in individuals, leading to considerable healthcare burdens.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and clinical correlation between AD and asthma in a cohort of patients at the Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to July 2024, involving 100 patients diagnosed with AD. Data on clinical history, asthma diagnosis, and comorbidities were collected. Patients underwent a detailed dermatological and respiratory evaluation, and statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between the two conditions.

Results: Among the 100 patients, 45% had coexisting asthma, with a higher prevalence observed in patients with severe AD (60%) compared to those with mild-to-moderate AD (30%). A significant correlation was noted between early-onset AD and asthma development (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 70% of the patients with both conditions reported exacerbations during seasonal changes, highlighting the role of environmental triggers. Biomarker analysis revealed elevated levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in 80% of patients with both AD and asthma, suggesting a common Th2-mediated inflammatory pathway.

Conclusions: The study underscores the high prevalence of asthma in AD patients and emphasizes the need for integrated management strategies targeting both conditions. Early intervention may reduce the burden of these comorbidities.