Role of Cissus quadrangularis in Bone Fracture and Osteoporosis- A Review

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder causing bone mass reduction and deterioration, increasing fracture risk. Treatments include supplementation, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), and bisphosphonates. HRT can decrease hip and spine fracture risk when administered correctly, but can also cause thromboembolism, withdrawal bleeding, and breast cancer. Alternative therapies like bisphosphonates may also be effective. Given the limitations and side effects of these therapies, there arises a pressing need to explore alternative options to prevent and treat osteoporosis while promoting improved bone health. The growing interest in herbal medicines has arisen from their perceived safety compared to chemically synthesized drugs. Hence, there exists a need for an effective compound of Cissus quadrangularis Linn (CQL) that specifically can exhibit the desired attributes, including the prevention and treatment of illnesses and diseases associated with bone health, complemented by the influence of effective fracture healing through its anabolic steroid properties. Cissus quadrangularis contains various active compounds, including flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenes. These compounds are responsible for numerous health benefits, such as the flavonoids in CQL, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for treating various conditions, including pain, arthritis, and asthma. Cissus quadrangularis has garnered attention in scientific research for its potential role in managing obesity and related metabolic disorders. This article reviews Cissus quadrangularis Ayurvedic usage, Patents on CQL for bone health and osteoporosis, CQL Marketed Products, Chemical Constituents of CQL in Bone healing, Osteoblasts and osteoporosis and Preclinical and clinical studies of CQL in Osteoporosis and Bone fractures.