Understanding the Epidemic of Obesity in Indian Children: Review article

Abstract

Introduction: Childhood obesity has become a significant public health concern in India, with its prevalence rising at an alarming rate in recent years. Consumption of processed food, lack of physical activity and exposure to technology are few of risk factors for steep rise in childhood obesity.

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology, determinants and consequences of obesity among Indian children.

Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies included in this review were those that examined the prevalence, determinants, and consequences of childhood obesity in India, published from 2018 to 2023.

Results: The prevalence of childhood obesity in India has shown a marked increase over the past two decades. Key determinants identified include socio-cultural influences, dietary patterns, physical activity levels, and socioeconomic disparities. The review highlights significant regional variations and emphasizes the role of urbanization and modernization in dietary and lifestyle changes. Consequences of childhood obesity identified include increased risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and psychosocial issues.

Conclusions: The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and preventive strategies to address the growing epidemic of childhood obesity in India. Comprehensive, multi-sectoral approaches involving community-based programs, and education are essential to mitigate the long-term health impacts on future generations.