Role of Panchakarma Treatment in Sthaulya (Obesity) – A Critical Review

Abstract

Sthaulya (obesity) is a predominant metabolic disorder described by Charaka in Ashtaunindita Purusha. Sedentary life, lack of exercise, faulty food habits, urbanization, psychological factors, along with genetic predisposition play major roles in the development of Sthaulya. It has reached epidemic proportions in India in the 21st century, affecting 5% of the population. Untreated, it can lead to diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, heart conditions, arthritis, obstructive apnea, erectile dysfunction, infertility, etc., reducing quality of life. Excessive calorie intake and reduced energy expenditure are major causes. Ayurvedic texts discuss metabolic disorders in the context of Sthaulya. Panchakarma, the five major therapies of Ayurveda including Shodhana (purification) therapy, aim to expel accumulated toxins, creating an optimal environment for the body. Panchakarma is crucial as both a preventive and curative treatment for conditions like Sthaulya. Ayurvedic classics detail various treatments, including Panchakarma procedures like Vamana (therapeutic vomiting), Virechana (therapeutic purgation), Nasya (nasal administration), and external therapies such as Udvartana (dry powder massage) and Abhyanga (oil massage). Numerous clinical and pilot studies substantiate the efficacy of these procedures. This study critically reviews and analyzes information from various Clinical studies highlighting the role of Panchakarma in managing Sthaulya.