Evaluation of the Mesiodistal Angulations of Maxillary and Mandibular Permanent Canines, 1st Premolar, 2nd Pre Molar, 1st Molar and 2nd Molar in Relation to Infraorbital and Bi-Gonial Plane in Angles Class I ,Class II, Class III Malocclusions Seen in Pano

Abstract

Three goals of orthodontic treatment are stability, aesthetics, and functional occlusion. Placing orthodontically treated teeth in the proper mesiodistal angulation is crucial for balancing occlusal forces and proper function, which in turn ensures stability of the maxillofacial complex. The panoramic radiograph is the technique that is most frequently used to assess root parallelism following orthodontic treatment, as well as to offer information about the teeth and their axial inclinations. Panoramic imaging has useful for this purpose and is a valuable screening tools in diagnosis and planning treatment of orthodontic patients. Axial inclinations should be examined both clinically and radiographically.  The panoramic radiograph proved to be an important and valuable tool for assessing mesiodistal axial inclination. The aim of this retrospective study to evaluate the mesiodistal angulation of maxillary and mandibular permanent canines, 1^st premolar, 2^ndpremolar, 1^stmolar and 2^nd molar in relation to infra orbital and bi-gonial plane in Angles Class I, Class II, Class III malocclusions. valuable tool for assessing mesiodistal axial inclination. Methodology: It was a Retrospective Study in the Department of Orthodontics And Dentofacial Orthopedics. Ethical committee approval has obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee. In this retrospective study, pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs of 50 patients. The calculated sample size was 50 patients departmental OPG was included in the study. Inclusion Criteria was no severe skeletal anomalies (vertical, transversal, and/or sagittal), No need for fixed or removable functional treatment, Completed permanent dentition, no missing or impacted teeth. No abnormal crown/root morphology, treated with fixed preadjusted orthodontic appliance using a 0.018 and 0.022-inch slot MBT prescription, having a 3 mm or less crowding for non-extraction cases, having a 7 mm or more crowding for extraction cases, Completed fixed orthodontic treatment, and Pre and post-treatment panoramic radiographs with good image quality and high resolution. A for measuring the various parameters like mesiodistal angulation.