Exotic Fruits and Their Signaling Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention and Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a consideration malignancy of liver and a substantial global health issue. In worldwide, HCC secure the 5th and 3rd place in overall cancer burden and cancer related death are respectively. HCC is closely linked to chronic liver diseases, namely, Hepatitis virus, alcohol addiction, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The pathophysiology of HCC involves complex molecular and genetic alterations that result in unorganized of diversify signaling pathways are PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, and MAPK/ERK pathways, which a vitalto both liver cancer progression. Exotic fruits embody a variety of bioactive substances, several of which have been found to have anti-cancer effects and to alter certain signaling pathways. Papaya, mango, guava, and pineapple, in particular, contain compounds such as papain, mangiferin, quercetin, and bromelain, respectively thatare currently studied for their efficacyin both the management and avoidance of HCC. These compounds have been documented to stop proliferation and survival pathways, initiatecell death, and modulate angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune response. Additional study is required to confirm the effectiveness and safety of these substances in people, explore their bioavailability and metabolism, and consider potential interactions with other medications. Overall, exotic fruits offer a promising natural approach to HCC prevention and treatment.