Formulation and Development of Methotrexate Loaded Nano Emulsion for Treatment of Psoriasis

Abstract

Introduction: Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory condition, is increasingly prevalent and associated with various life-threatening diseases. The formulation was assessed for physicochemical properties, entrapment efficiency, drug release kinetics, and stability. The final optimized Methotrexate (MTX) nano emulsion had a particle size of 30.69 nm, a PDI of 0.65, and an average entrapment efficiency of 76.57%. After 20 hours, the drug release kinetics indicated a 72.47% release at pH 5.5. FTIR analysis showed that the optimized MTX nano emulsion formulation effectively fluidized both the epidermis and dermis, potentially enhancing drug permeability and retention. In vivo studies on rabbit skin demonstrated that the increased penetration of methotrexate-loaded nano emulsion gel was not due to structural changes in the intercellular lipid layers of the stratum corneum. These results suggest that MTX nano emulsion based on neem oil could be a potential treatment for psoriasis and might reduce the recurrence of psoriasis-like symptoms.

Objectives: The Primarily objective of our investigation was to design a thermodynamically stable nano emulsion.

Methods: Nano emulsions are very small; they can be produced most efficiently by utilizing some of the equipments. Most probably “Homogenization of high-pressure” and “Microfluidization” are the most widely used methods for producing nanoemulsions and they are used on both laboratory and industrial scales. For nanoemulsion preparation, other methods such as In-situ emulsification and 'ultrasonification' are also suitable.

Results: Study results suggest that nanoemulsion is much more powerful than other systems in terms of delivery. Thermodynamically safe clear nanoemulsions/ultrafine emulsions / sub-micron emulsions stabilized by an inter - facial surface of surfactants & surfactants molecules with a droplet size smaller than hundred nm.

Its durability and clarity usually describe is classified as multiphase. Tiny grains or raindrops In the dispersion method, very small oil surface tension is commonly used. Nanoemulsion is readily and frequently formed naturally usually without either high input because the droplet is smaller than a quarter of a millimetre in diameter. An acceptable mixture of co-surfactants and surfactants in stabilizes the interface.

Conclusions: On the basis of the work, it was concluded that the after optimization of the co-surfactants and surfactants, and oils to prepare a constant Methotrexate nano emulsion formulation.

Based on the study, it was concluded that after optimizing the co-surfactants, surfactants, and oils, a consistent Methotrexate nano emulsion formulation was prepared. We developed twelve different formulations, labeled as F1 through F12. Considering parameters such as particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), drug entrapment efficiency (%), and drug release (%), the best results were achieved with formulation F10. This formulation comprised 5% neem oil, 36% Tween 80 as the surfactant, and 9% ethanol as the co-surfactant.