Assessing Nutritional Status Through Anthropometric Measurements and Serum Albumin in Elderly Edentulous Patients Before and after Implant-Supported Mandibular Over Denture Rehabilitation.

Abstract

Introduction:
India's elderly population, comprising 137.9 million individuals over 60 years old, accounts for about 10% of the nation's total population. Edentulism poses significant health challenges, affecting nutrition and quality of life comparable to severe chronic illnesses. Traditional dentures often fail to enhance functionality, particularly in the mandibular arch, leading to dissatisfaction due to poor masticatory performance and other factors. Implant-supported mandibular over dentures have shown promise in improving chewing ability, patient satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Materials and Methods
This prospective study, conducted at SMBT Dental College & Hospital, involved 35 completely edentulous elderly patients aged 60-80 years. Following a thorough health screening to ensure the absence of systemic diseases, baseline serum albumin levels and Body Mass Index (BMI) were recorded. Patients received mandibular over dentures retained by ball attachments on two implants in the canine region, opposed by new conventional maxillary dentures. Follow-up evaluations were conducted six months post-rehabilitation to reassess BMI and serum albumin levels.

Results
Out of the initial 35 patients, 32 completed the six-month follow-up. Three patients were excluded due to non-compliance and health issues. Post-rehabilitation results indicated a significant improvement in nutritional status, evidenced by increased BMI and serum albumin levels. This suggests that the use of implant-supported mandibular over dentures positively impacts the nutrition and overall health of elderly edentulous patients.

Conclusion:     
Implant-supported mandibular over dentures significantly improve the nutritional status of elderly edentulous patients, as shown by the increase in BMI and serum albumin levels. This study underscores the importance of dental rehabilitation in enhancing the well-being and quality of life of the geriatric population.