Parthenium Hysterophorus: Unveiling Harmful Impacts, Beneficial Potentials, and Novel Management Approaches

Abstract

Parthenium hysterophorus, an invasive weed species known for its aggressive competitive nature and allelopathic properties, presents significant risks to various facets of human and environmental well-being. Despite its notorious reputation, recent clinical studies suggest potential avenues for harnessing its bioactive compounds for medicinal, agricultural, and environmental applications. These include exploration into its antidiabetic, antioxidant, antitumor, herbicidal, pesticidal, and antimalarial properties, hinting at a promising yet untapped resource. Moreover, Parthenium exhibits versatility as a nutrient-rich fertilizer, accessible and cost-effective for agricultural practices. Beyond its potential in medicine and agriculture, Parthenium offers solutions in waste management and pollution control. Its utility extends to herbicidal and insecticidal purposes, as well as its role as a phyto-remedial agent for extracting pollutants from agricultural residues. However, managing its invasive spread presents a formidable challenge, necessitating a multifaceted approach encompassing mechanical, chemical, cultural, and biological control methods. Furthermore, the intricate allelopathic interactions of Parthenium underscore both its complexity and potential. While its allelochemicals can suppress weed growth, they also engender both beneficial and detrimental interactions with other species, complicating regulation efforts. Understanding the mode of action of its toxic phenolic compounds is crucial in elucidating its mechanisms of weed suppression and exploring novel applications. This abstract provides an overview of Parthenium's morphology, reproductive biology, environmental impacts, and management strategies, shedding light on its multifaceted nature and potential for diverse applications in agriculture, medicine, and environmental stewardship.