Role of Nanotechnology in Targeted Drug Delivery System: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Nanotechnology, a rapidly advancing field, involves developing materials with sizes between 5-200 nanometres. In medicine, nanotechnology has shown significant potential in drug delivery and treatment for various diseases. Biodegradable nanoparticles are designed to encapsulate drugs, protecting them from degradation and ensuring targeted delivery. This approach enables precise dosing and site-specific action, reducing side effects by depositing the active agent only in the affected area. Various materials, including proteins, polysaccharides, and synthetic polymers, are used to prepare nanoparticles, considering factors like size, drug properties, surface characteristics, and biodegradability. Gold nanoparticles have shown promise in cancer therapy, while solid lipid nanoparticles have demonstrated efficacy in anti-cancer and antiviral treatments. Other nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, such as nanofibers and nanosuspensions, are also being explored. The application of nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery, enabling precise and targeted administration of therapeutic agents.