Incidence and Association of Metabolic Syndrome in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Centre.

Abstract

Background:Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL cholesterol, hyperglycemia and hypertension which significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and other complications. The prevalence of this syndrome is influenced by various factors including age, ethnicity and diagnostic criteria. In India, the Diabetes burden is rapidly increasing, with projections indicating over 134 million affected individuals by 2045. Studies highlight a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus . This emphasizes the critical need for early detection and comprehensive management to mitigate cardiovascular risks and other complications. However, there remains a notable lack of research on the metabolic profile of metabolic syndrome in this patient group within the Indian context.

Aim and objective of study:   To assess the incidence of Metabolic syndrome in newly diagnosed  type 2 DM patients visiting tertiary care centre. To find the association between risk factors and presence of Metabolic syndrome  in newly detected type 2 DM.

Materials & Methods: Informed consent was obtained after fully explaining the procedure and objective of the study. Seven measures representing the Metatabolic syndrome are obtained, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and additionally body mass index (BMI).The data was collected and analysed in Microsoft excel. The qualitative data was represented as frequencies and percentages while quantitative data was expressed as mean and Standard deviation (SD).

Results: The current study included 100 newly diabetic patients with/ without metabolic syndrome. On comparing the various parameters including vitals and laboratory parameters, a statistical increase in the blood pressure, anthropometric variables including Waist circumference and BMI and lipid profile (LDL cholesterol and Triglycerides) was noted in patients with metabolic syndrome. Additionally, a statistical increase in hypertension as comorbidity was seen in patients with metabolic syndrome. A point highlighted in the study was other comorbid conditions including hypothyroidism, CVD and CAD were more prevalent in patients with metabolic syndrome, however comparable to patients without metabolic syndrome. Other demographic parameters were however comparable between groups. This highlights that concomitant hypertension , dyslipidenia and obesity in newly diagnosed patients of diabetes could be possible risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome.