Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott Extract: Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Anti Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Activities

Abstract

Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott, traditionally used for digestive disorders and wound healing, holds promising therapeutic potential, particularly its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The quantitative identification of lead bioactive compounds from Typhonium trilobatum extracts using various chromatographic techniques, along with a comprehensive evaluation of their antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities—particularly involving membrane-active mechanisms— remains largely unexplored and inadequately characterized. This study investigates the phytochemical profile of the leaf extract of Typhonium trilobatum. Preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, glycosides, saponins, and steroids. Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified a total of thirty four bioactive compounds. Further, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) indicated the presence of key phenolic and flavonoid compounds, including p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, apigenin, and caffeic acid. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was subsequently employed for quantitative analysis, revealing significant concentrations of chlorogenic acid (195.58 ± 20.12 mg/g), caffeic acid (4.02 ± 0.11 mg/g), and kaempferol (2.62 ± 0.08 mg/g). Quantitative analysis indicated total phenolic content of 206.46 ± 0.21 mg/100 g and flavonoid content (quercetin) of 125.07mg/100g. The plant extract exhibited significant DPPH radical scavenging activity as compared to ascorbic acid. The extract displayed significant antimicrobial activity by zone of inhibition process against gram-positive & gram-negative micro-organism.

Abbreviations

APL- Area per lipid CA - Chlorogenic acid

DPPH - 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl GAE- Gallic acid equivalents

GC-MS - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry HPTLC - High-performance thin-layer chromatography IC₅₀- Half maximal inhibitory concentration

TFC - Total flavonoid content

TLC - Thin-layer chromatography TPC - Total phenolic content

WHO - World Health Organization